• Explain the various processes used to liquefy gas in cryogenic technology.

Cryogenic Technology is a technique for processing or conditioning substances at low temperatures (below -100oC). This method has been widely applied, especially for the separation and liquefaction of air and natural gas. This lecture provides an understanding of the characteristics and physical chemical properties of gases in the air such as Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Neon, Xenon and Helium. In addition, the characteristics of natural gas and its main components (Methane, Ethane and Propane) are also given in this course. It is expected that after taking this lecture, students will be able to explain the process of separating air and natural gas, understand the process of producing cryogenic fluids and the main equipment systems and instrumentation; can understand important aspects in the system of storage and transportation of cryogenic fluids through the application of the concepts of Thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, mass transfer, and heat transfer. The learning method used is a combination of lectures and independent/group assignments with the collaborative learning (CL) method. Lectures also involve practitioners who have experience in the field of cryogenic technology to enrich students’ insight and understanding.

1. Timmerhaus, K. D., Cryogenic Process Engineering, Plenum Press, 1989, New York.
2. Barron, Randall, Cryogenic Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1985, New York.

• History and Development of Cryogenics

  • Overview of cryogenics and its evolution through history
  • Key milestones in cryogenic technology development and applications

• Cryogenic Scope of Work

  • Introduction to the field of cryogenics and its applications in various industries
  • Role of cryogenics in medical, aerospace, and industrial sectors

• Refrigeration and Liquefaction of Natural Gas

  • Principles and methods of natural gas refrigeration and liquefaction
  • Overview of liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology and its significance

• Refrigeration and Liquefaction of Air

  • Processes involved in air liquefaction
  • Applications of liquid air in industrial processes

• Refrigeration and Liquefaction of Oxygen, Nitrogen, Helium, Neon, and Argon

  • Techniques for the liquefaction of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, neon, and argon
  • Applications and industrial uses of liquefied gases